مقالات

              Abstract


              In recent years, greenhouse production in Khorramabad city, Iran, has suffered severely from problems such as Corona pandemic, declining average annual rainfall, and severe inflation. On the other hand, the greenhouse development policy in this city is expected to grow 3.16 times more than the present condition for the next four years. This study investigates of the main problem of greenhouse production and development in this city over 2020-2021. To do that, a field study was conducted and data were collected through interviews and direct observations. Then, all greenhouses were divided into three categories; A, B and C, based on characteristics such as typeof product, cultivation bed and irrigation system. Results showed that in Type A greenhouses, which grow rose flowers, there are problems caused by Covid-19 (35%) and something else (65%), including a lack of technical staff, insufficient financial and legal knowledge, and equipment. In greenhouse type C, which produces vegetables, the only problem is equipment. The water crisis was not observed in greenhouses A and C and may not be encountered in the near future due to mechanized irrigation equipment and recycled water systems. On the other hand, greenhouses of type B, which mainly produce medicinal plants and vegetables, will face a water crisis (35%) and a lack of technical staff (65%) in the near future. To put it in a nutshell, the risk ofcontinuing Covid-19 in the coming years will only affect Type A, and the water crisis will affect Type C. In addition, the risk of other factors, more than Covid-19 and the water crisis, will affect the development of greenhouses in the city.

                          A floristic study in Chal-e Kabod Mountain of Alashtar, Lurestan
                          Province
                          Younes Asri 1*, Mahboobeh Hasanvand 2 and Mohammad Mehrnia3
                          1 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
                          Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
                          2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Payame Noor, Tehran, Iran
                          3 Lurestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Khorram
                          Abad, Iran
                          Abstract
                          The current investigation concerns the flora of a Chal-e Kabod mountain, 20 km north of
                          Alashtar, Lurestan province. A total of 178 plant species belonging to 40 families and 134
                          genera were identified during 2015. The largest families in terms of species richness, were
                          Asteraceae (20 species), Lamiaceae (17 species), Apiaceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae (each
                          with 14 species), respectively. Hemicryptophytes (51.7%), geophytes (18.5%) and
                          therophytes (15.7%) constitute the dominant life forms of the study area. From a chorological
                          point of view, Irano-Turanian elements were dominant chorotypes (81.5%) and the other
                          species were belonged to two, three or more phytogeographical regions. The area comprises
                          29 Iranian endemic species which according to IUCN conservation categories were classified
                          as vulnerable (VU) and lower risk (LR) in Iranian red data list. Among the plants collected
                          from the area, 99 species (55.6%) in the zone of 2300-2700 m and 79 species (44.4%) in the
                          zone of 2700-3100 m had the most appearances.
                          Keywords: Life form, Chorology, Endemic species Sub-alpine plants

                            جایگاه حفاظتی گون های نادر به نام آزیل
                            )Azilia eryngioides (Pau) Hedge & Lamond(
                            محمد مهرنیا 1*، زیبا ج مزاد 2 و عادل جلیلی 2
                            چکیده
                            گونه . Lا Azilia eryingioides گیاهی گ لدار از تیره چتریان ) Apiaceae ( و انحصاری ایران است که به صورت لک های
                            و پراکنده در مناطق کوهستانی زاگرس م یروید. جایگاه حفاظتی آزیل ) Azilia eryngioides ( ب راساس معیارهای
                            اتحادیه جهانی حفاظت از طبیعت ) IUCN ( مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. سطح تحت اشغال گونه Azilia eryingioides
                            با اندازه گیری میدانی در رویشگا ههای آن، 1/ 2 کیلومترمربع و میزان حضور گونه در محدوده انتشار آن 2478
                            کیلومترمربع برآورد شد. این گونه باتوجه به سطح اشغال، تعداد افراد جمعیت، میزان باروری، جمعیت های به شدت منفک
                            از یکدیگر، تجدید حیات محدود به دلیل تولید محدود بذر و کیفیت رویشگاه، ب هعنوان گونه «در بحران انقراض )CR( »
                            اعلام م یشود. مشاهدات صحرایی نشان داد فقدان مدیریت و بهره برداری نامناسب مانند عدم رعایت فصل چرا و تخریب
                            رویشگاه از عوامل اصلی تهدیدكننده این گونه كمیاب به شمار می روند. اعلام رویشگا ههای حفاظت شده توسط سازمان
                            جنگل ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری کشور، حفاظت خارج از رویشگاه در باغ های گیا هشناسی ملی ایران و باغ گیا هشناسی
                            زاگرس و بانک ژن منابع طبیعی ایران برای جلوگیری از انقراض باید در برنامه کار حفاظت از این گونه قرار گیرد.
                            واژ ههای کلیدی:جایگاه حفاظتی، گونه «در بحران انقراض »، رویشگا ههای حفاظت شده، باغ گیا هشناسی ملی ایران،
                            باغ گیا هشناسی زاگرس

                                                                Full Research Paper
                                                                Economical Assessment of Replacing and Refining Methods of Hydraulic Oil of Sugarcane Harvesters in Sugarcane Cultivation Industry of Khuzestan
                                                                H. Nematpour Malek Abad1, M. J. Sheikhdavoodi2*, I. Hazbavi3, A. Marzban4
                                                                Received: 11-11-2018
                                                                Accepted: 06-03-2019


                                                                Abstract
                                                                Contamination due to hydraulic fluids exerts deleterious effects after a long time, however this factor is often ignored or its consecutive breakdowns and system failures are considered due to other factors. Therefore, in order to prevent the likelihood of occurring such problems, the following two strategies are presented: using oil change method to replace all of the hydraulic fluids from the discharge system with the new oil and using offline hydraulic oil filtration system for the removal of contaminated oil particles. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the economic status of cane sugar harvesting machines with an emphasis on hydraulic oil filtration process in seven units of sugarcane developmental company and affiliated industries in Khuzestan province, Iran. To perform this study, all statistics and data of the sugarcane and affiliated industries in seven companies during the crop year 2011-2016 were collected and classified. The results indicated that the application of the hydraulic filtration method led to the oil consumption saving (per liter) and in price (Iranian Rial) during the three crop-years of 2014-2016, as following: Imam Khomeini: 25500 L and 2882154363 Rials, Amir Kabir: 49000 L and 5847389466 Rials, Hakim Farabi: 82000 L and 9534396744 Rials, Dabal Khazaee: 73400 L and 6808230362 Rials, Dehkhoda: 31680 L and 3421979639 Rials, Salman Farsi: 73500 L and 7606675370 Rials and Mirza Koochak Khan: 75934 L and 8083068395 Rials.
                                                                Keywords: Economical assessment, Hydraulic oil, Oil replacing, Refining, Sugarcane harvester


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                                                                                گروه دورانV6.1.15.0